【独立宣言原文及译文】《独立宣言》是美国历史上具有里程碑意义的文件，标志着13个殖民地正式脱离英国统治，宣告独立。该宣言于1776年7月4日由大陆会议通过，由托马斯·杰斐逊起草，体现了自由、平等与人民主权等核心理念。以下是对《独立宣言》原文及中文译文的简要总结，并以表格形式呈现其主要内容。
一、
《独立宣言》分为四个主要部分：序言、人权理论、对英王的控诉、以及最终声明。它不仅是一份政治文件，更是一部体现启蒙思想的经典文献。宣言强调了人人生而平等，拥有不可剥夺的权利，包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。同时，它列举了英国国王乔治三世对殖民地的种种暴政，以此作为独立的正当理由。
二、原文与译文对照表
| 原文（英文） | 中文译文 |
| When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. | 当人类事务发展到必须解除一个民族与另一个民族之间所存在的政治联系的时候，为了在地球上的权力中取得独立和平等的地位，根据自然法则和自然之神赋予他们的权利，他们必须公开说明导致他们不得不分离的原因。 |
| We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. | 我们坚信这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。 |
| That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. | 为了保障这些权利，政府才在人们中间建立起来，它的正当权力来自被统治者的同意。 |
| That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. | 一旦任何形式的政府对这些目标构成威胁，人民就有权改变或废除它，建立新的政府，以最有可能保障他们安全和幸福的原则为基础，以适当的形式组织其权力。 |
| Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience has shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. | 慎重考虑之下，人们会认为长期建立的政府不应因轻微和短暂的原因而被改变；因此，以往的经验表明，人们宁愿忍受可以忍受的痛苦，也不愿废除他们习惯的制度。 |
| But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. | 但当一系列滥用职权和专制行为不断进行，且始终以同一目标为指向时，这显示出企图将他们置于绝对暴政之下的意图，此时，人民有权利也有责任推翻这样的政府，并为未来的安全设立新的保障。 |
| The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all of which have in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. | 现在的大不列颠国王的历史，是一部反复侵犯和专制的行为史，所有这些行为都直接旨在在这片土地上建立绝对的暴政。 |
| He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. | 他拒绝批准那些最有益于公共利益的法律。 |
| He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their Operation till his Assent should be obtained. | 他禁止总督颁布那些紧急且重要的法律，除非暂停执行，直到他批准为止。 |
| He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the Depository of their Public Records, to fatigues of the Members, and to prevent them from attending to the Affairs of their Constituents. | 他召集立法机构前往不寻常、不便且远离其档案存放地的地方，使议员疲惫不堪，无法履行其选民的职责。 |
| He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his intrusions on the Rights of the People. | 他多次解散代表机构，只因它们坚决反对他对人民权利的侵犯。 |
| He has endeavoured to bring about the abolition of the free System of Laws in these Colonies. | 他试图废除这些殖民地的自由法律体系。 |
| He has kept among us, in times of Peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our Legislatures. | 在和平时期，他未经我们的立法机构同意，在我们中间驻扎常备军。 |
| He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the Tenure of their Offices. | 他使法官的任职完全依赖于他的意志。 |
| He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat up their Substance. | 他设立大量新职位，派遣大批官员来骚扰我们的人民，榨取他们的财富。 |
| He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the Inhabitants of our Frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known Rule of Warfare is no Mercy. | 他在我们内部煽动叛乱，并试图引诱边疆居民——那些以残酷著称的印第安野蛮人——来袭击我们。 |
| He has plundered our Seas, burnt our Towns, and destroyed the Lives of our People. | 他劫掠我们的海域，焚烧我们的城镇，屠杀我们的人民。 |
| He is at this Time transporting large Bodies of Foreign Mercenaries to compleat the Works of Death, Desolation and Destruction, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & Vexation, unknown in the History of the worst of Times. | 此刻，他正将大量外国雇佣兵运送到这里，以完成死亡、荒芜与毁灭的罪行，这些行为的残忍与折磨前所未有。 |
| He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. | 他已在此地放弃治理，宣称不再保护我们，并对我们发动战争。 |
| We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the Universe, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and all Political connexion with the Kingdom of Great Britain; and that all Powers of the Earth, and every lawful Power, are hereby conferred upon the said United States, to make Peace, to conclude Treaties, to establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which independent States may of right do. | 因此，我们，美利坚合众国的代表，在全体大会上，呼吁宇宙的最高裁判者，以这些殖民地善良人民的名义，庄严宣布：这些殖民地现在应成为自由和独立的国家，它们从英国王权下解脱出来，与大不列颠王国的一切政治联系也应断绝；并赋予这些合众国一切地球上合法的权力，以缔结和约、建立贸易关系，以及独立国家有权从事的一切其他行为和事务。 |
三、结语
《独立宣言》不仅是美国建国的重要文献，更是全球民主与人权运动的基石。它所传达的理念影响深远，至今仍激励着无数追求自由与正义的人们。通过对比原文与译文，我们可以更深入地理解其思想内涵与历史价值。
